Resume & ATS glossary
Plain-English definitions of the resume, ATS, and job-search terms you'll actually run into. Short answers up top, longer explanations and links to deeper guides on each page.
ATS (Applicant Tracking System)
Software used by employers to collect, parse, rank, and filter resumes before a recruiter reviews them.
Resume parsing
The process by which an ATS extracts structured fields (name, roles, dates, skills) from the text of a resume.
Keyword stuffing
Cramming job-description keywords into a resume unnaturally — it harms readability and most modern ATS detect it.
Reverse-chronological resume
The default resume format in 2025 — most recent role first, then working backward through your history.
Functional resume
A skills-first format that de-emphasizes work history — often viewed with suspicion by recruiters.
Combination (hybrid) resume
A format that opens with a skills summary then follows with reverse-chronological experience — ideal for career changers.
Action verb
A strong, specific verb that opens a resume bullet and signals concrete accomplishment rather than passive duty.
Quantified achievement
A resume bullet that proves impact with specific numbers — percentages, dollars, timeframes, or volumes.
Professional summary
A 2-4 sentence opener at the top of a resume stating role, years of experience, 2-3 core skills, and one quantified result.
Cover letter
A one-page letter accompanying a resume that tailors your pitch to the specific role and company.
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